The dense innervation network of sensory neurons given with their ability to transmit information in both direction in the same time (in direction of the central nervous system and in direction of the skin) allows rapid local and systemic neurogenic modulation of skin immunity.

The peripheral nervous system and sensory neurons plays a direct and active role in modulating immunity, and has thus a protective function in host defense, response to tissue injury, allergic and autoimmune diseases. Sensory neurons can notably recruit immune cells and can activate the release pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines from immune and skin cells. This Neurogenic inflammation is mediated by the release of the neuropeptides (among them CGRP and substance P) due to the activation of specific receptors such as the nociceptors TRPV1.